रीति र गुण

                   काब्य रचनाको पद्धति वा तरिकालार्इ रीति भनिन्छ । रीति र गुणको सम्भन्ध घनिष्ट रहेको हुन्छ । पद रचना गर्ने तरिका रीति हो । जुन तरिका वा पद्धति द्वारा पद रचना हुन्छ । त्यो रचनाले गुणको निर्माण गर्दछ । जसको कारण काव्य सार्थक बन्दछ  ।यसलार्इ वामन , दण्डी जस्ता विद्वानहरूले रीति गुणमा अाश्रित रहने कुरा वताएका छन् । यी दुवैमा जो जसमा अाश्रित रहेपनि काव्यमा यी दुवै एक अर्काका परिपुरक हुन भन्न सकिन्छ । वामनले काव्यको अात्मा रीति हो भनेका छन् ।यी सबै कुराको मध्यमर्गीको रूपमा देखा परेका अानन्दवर्धनले गुण र रीतिलार्इ अभिन्न मान्दा रीतिले गुणको अाश्रयमा रस व्यक्त गर्दछ । भन्ने विर्सनु हुँदैन भन्दै रीति पद रचना , गुण पदपदरचनाको शोभापरक  तत्त्व हो जसले पदरचनामा प्राण भरि पद रचनालार्इ अाकर्षक बनाउँछ भनेका छन् । यसरी हेर्दा रीति र गुणको सम्भन्ध नङ् र मासुको जस्तो रहन्छ । गुण अनुशार रीतिको नामाकरण हुने र रीति अनुशार गुणको उपस्थिति रहन्छ ।रीतिको अा?य नपाइ गुणलार्इ अलगिन पर्ने र गुणको अाश्रय विना रीतिले अाफ्नो संरचना फेला पार्न नसक्ने हुन्छ । त्यसकारण यी दुवै बिच अन्योन्याश्रित सम्भन्ध रहन्छ । रीतिका मुख्य ३ भेद रहन्छन् । जसमा वैदर्भी  रीति माधुर्य गुणसँग ,गाैणी रीति अोज गुण सँग र पञ्चाली रीति प्रसाद गुण सँग सम्भन्धित छन् । वैदर्भी रीतिको अाधार हुने अोजगुण चित्तलार्इ पगाल्ने किसिमको भावले युक्त हुन्छ अर्थात मधुर रचना शृङ्गार करूण र शान्त रस यसका पहिचान हुन । गाैणी रीतिको अाधार हुने अोज गुण चित्तलार्इ उत्साहा द्वारा विस्तारित पार्ने किसिमको तेजिलो हुन्छ । यसमा लामो समास युक्त कठोर पदरचना पाइन्छ । वीर , विभत्स र राैद्र रस यसमा निर्माण हुन्छ । त्यसै गरी पञ्चाली रीतिको अाधार हुने प्रसाद गुण  सहजै चित्तमा व्याप्त हुन सक्छ। यो सवै रीति र रसमा स्वीकार्य हुन्छ ।यसमा सहजै अर्थवोधहुने सरल पद रचनाको प्रयोग रहेको हुन्छ । 

           यसरी रीति गुणको अाश्रयमा निर्माण भइ काव्य साैन्दर्य निर्माण भइ काव्य साैन्दर्य निर्माणमामहत्वपूर्ण भुमिका निर्भाह गर्दछ । गुणलार्इ अात्म र रीतिलनर्इ शरीर सँग तुलना गर्न सकिन्छ । गुणको कारण रस निर्माण हुन्छ भने रीतिले गुण र रस दुवैलार्इ व्यक्त हुन सहायता प्रदान गर्दछ । यो बाहिरी वर्ण वा पदरचना सँग सम्भन्धित भएको हुनाले रस र गुण अनुकुल कोमल कठोर र स्पष्टार्थक सँग सम्वन्धित रहन्छ ।

The method or method of composing poetry is called ritual. Ritual and virtue are closely related. The method of composing verses is ritual. The method by which the verse is composed. That creation creates virtue. Due to which poetry becomes meaningful. Scholars like Vaman and Dandi have said that it depends on ritual qualities. In poetry, it can be said that both of them are complementary to each other, even if they are dependent on them. Vamana says that the soul of poetry is ritual. Anandavardhana, who appears as the mediator of all these things, considers virtue and ritual as integral, and ritual expresses juice in the shelter of virtue. It should not be forgotten that ritual verse composition is an ornamental element of quality verse composition which makes the composition of verses attractive throughout the soul. Seen in this way, the relationship between rituals and virtues is like that of nails and meat. Rites are named according to the virtues and virtues are present according to the virtues. The virtues are separated without the origin of the virtues and without the shelter of the virtues the ritual cannot find its structure. Therefore, there is an interdependent relationship between the two. There are three main types of rituals. In which Vaidarbhi rituals are associated with sweetness, singing rituals are associated with Oz virtues and Panchali rituals are associated with Prasad virtues. Ojaguna, which is the basis of Vaidarbhi ritual, has a kind of melting mood, i.e. sweet composition, adornment, compassion and calm juice are its hallmarks. The Oz quality, which is the basis of the singing style, is kind of quick to expand the Chitta by enthusiasm. It has a hard structure with a long compound. Vir, Vibhatsa and Raidra Rasa are formed in it In the same way, the offerings based on the Panchali ritual can easily permeate the mind. It is acceptable in all rituals and juices. It uses simple verse compositions that are easily understood.

           In this way, the poetic beauty plays an important role in the construction of the poetic beauty. The qualities can be compared to the soul and the ritual body. Juice is formed because of virtue, while ritual helps to express both virtue and juice. Since it is related to the external character or structure, it is related to the soft, hard and clear meaning that suits the juice and quality.